无冷凝器及再沸器的热集成蒸馏塔技术进展

蒸馏塔内部热集成技术系指同一塔内通过精馏段和提馏段之间的热量集成。介绍了内部热集成蒸馏塔的结构、特点、节能原理以及发展概况。该项技术被认为是最具节能潜力的新型蒸馏技术之一,与传统蒸馏塔相比,内部热集成蒸馏塔节能可达到30%—60%。近年来,塔内部热集成技术研究呈现加速发展的势态,国外学者已成功地完成了中试,并开始工业化应用的研究。     

Pulse height defect in pCVD and scCVD diamond based detectors

Polycrystalline (pCVD) and single crystal (scCVD) diamond films grown from Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD), if sufficiently pure at Raman analysis, are very good materials for beam or flux monitors inside accelerators or nuclear reactors. This is because they are very hard to damage in high radiation fields and very resistant to high temperatures. Films of pCVD diamond are, however, not so good as spectroscopy detectors due to inhomogeneities induced by their growth in grains with the consequent presence of grain boundaries which worsen their energy resolution. The latter can be significantly improved by growing scCVD diamond films onto HPHT synthetic diamond substrates. We have shown that it is possible to measure the density of defects inside diamond specimens using as probes suitable penetrating nuclear radiations. With the preliminary results reported here we'll show that, bombarding CVD diamond films grown at Roma “Tor Vergata” with energetic protons and ⁴He, ⁶Li and ¹²C ions produced in the accelerators of Catania laboratories, the pulse height defects are higher than those in silicon detectors and likewise well described by a power law in the deposited energy. Furthermore, we'll show that pulse heights for the same particles seem to depend on the duration of the measurement, thus exhibiting a sort of depolarization of the insulator when exposed to the electric voltage which makes it a particle detector.     

LiNO3-NaNO3-KNO3三元熔盐材料的设计及热稳定性研究

采用共形离子溶液模型(conformalionic solution model, CIS) 在二元熔盐体系相图的基础上，对三元熔盐体系LiNO₃-NaNO₃-KNO₃进行了相图计算，得到该三元体系最低共熔点为117.7℃，相应的摩尔分数组成分别为x(LiNO₃) = 0.375，x(NaNO₃) = 0.075，x(KNO₃) = 0.550。按照热力学最低共熔点计算结果，采用熔融法制备了三元硝酸熔盐，通过DSC和TG实验测定其最低共熔点为118.3℃，这与计算得到的结果(117.7℃)基本一致。TG测试结果表明当温度低于587.2℃时，该三元熔盐体系较为稳定，其工作温度范围为118.3~587.2℃，该三元硝酸熔盐适合在太阳能热发电中作为高温传热蓄热材料使用。     

Molecular association complex of urea with polyethylene: 3. Structural studies of the complex

The crystal structure of urea-polyethylene complex in the hexagonal form, obtained by one of our preparation methods, is analysed by X-ray power diffractometry. In this analysis, the fixed molecular parameters of urea are used, and three models with respect to rotational disorder of the guest polyethylene molecule are assumed. It is shown that the host lattice structure constructed by urea molecules is essentially the same as that of urea-n-paraffin complex. Effects of the disorder structure of the guest on X-ray scattering of the complex are presented. However, there is a difficulty in identifying the disorder structure by X-ray analysis. With the aid of a potential energy calculation between the hexagonal urea tunnel and the guest molecule, a rotational disorder model is preferred.     

气携式水力旋流器处理含聚合物污水研究

设计出一种用于处理含油污水的新型气携式水力旋流器,采用该旋流器对油田聚驱采出污水进行了现场除油实验。实验研究表明:在原水油的质量浓度为1 000 mg/L左右、聚合物的质量浓度为400～500 mg/L的条件下,最佳分流比为30%、气液比为0.45,出水油的质量浓度在100 mg/L以下。与常规旋流器相比,气携式水力旋流器提高除油效率约10%,在油田聚驱采出污水处理中具有良好的推广应用前景。     

Performance of a Vertical‐Slot Fish Pass for the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus L. and Habitat Recolonization

In 2011, a vertical‐slot fish pass was built at the Coimbra Açude‐Ponte dam (Mondego River, Portugal), approximately 45 km upstream from the river mouth. The performance of this infrastructure for sea lamprey passage was evaluated between 2011 and 2015 using several complementary methodologies, namely radio telemetry [conventional and electromyogram (EMG)], passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry and electrofishing surveys. During the study period, the electrofishing revealed a 29‐fold increase in the abundance of larval sea lamprey upstream of the fish pass. Of the 20 radio‐tagged individuals released downstream from the dam, 33% managed to find and successfully surpass the obstacle in less than 2 weeks, reaching the spawning areas located in the upstream stretch of the main river and in one important tributary. Fish pass efficiency was assessed with a PIT antenna installed in the last upstream pool and revealed a 31% efficiency, with differences between and within migratory seasons. Time of day and river flow significantly influenced the attraction efficiency of the fish pass, with lampreys negotiating it mainly during the night period and when discharge was below 50 m³ s^?1. Sea lampreys tagged with EMG transmitters took 3 h to negotiate the fish pass, during which high muscular effort was only registered during passage, or passage attempts, of the vertical slots. The use of complementary methodologies provided a comprehensive passage evaluation for sea lamprey, a species for which there is a considerable paucity of valuable data concerning behavioural, physiological and environmental influences on obstacle negotiation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NiFe2O4及添加TiO2的尖晶石的烧结过程

以NiO和Fe2O3为主要原料,通过添加少量TiO2粉末来改善NiFe2O4试样的烧结性能。研究了NiFe2O4和TiO2-NiFe2O4 2种样品反应烧结过程中的热力学及动力学条件,同时利用球模型推导的扩散机制的烧结方程测算出2种材料的烧结活化能。结果表明：NiO和Fe2O3固相烧结过程是固相反应和致密化过程同时进行的。添加质量分数为1％TiO2粉末,当合成温度为1250℃时,TiO2-NiFe2O4样品就已达到致密,其烧结活化能由NiFe2O4样品时的245.36kJ/mol降低为142.71kJ/mol。     

JMZ发射药及其组分的热分解性能

用TG和DTA对含环氧乙烷/四氢呋哺共聚醚(PET)黏结剂的发射药(JMZ发射药)及其相关组分的热分解性能进行了研究.通过Kissinger法计算了一些不同配方热分解反应的活化能.对热分解过程及其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,该类发射药的DTA曲线呈现两个放热峰.体系中加入了NC后,随着NC含量的增加,其活化能升高.该类发射药的热分解过程主要分为两个阶段:第一阶段为混合硝酸酯和NC的挥发和分解;第二阶段为硝胺的分解以及PET的降解.加入NC后,发射药体系的热稳定性增加.     

透水砖的研究现状及发展前景

本文介绍了国内外透水砖的分类、特性、生产工艺等现状,以及透水砖在推向市场过程中存在的一些问题以及其应用优势。     

Improved oxidative stability of sunflower oil in the presence of an oxygen-scavenging film

The oxidative stability of sunflower oil (SFO) was measured during storage at 23 and 37°C in the presence of a novel oxygen-scavenging film that contained polyfuryloxirane (PFO). Commercially refined and deodorized SFO was stored in a lighted room in sealed transparent packages containing either PFO film or an antioxidant, 0.02% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Oxidative stability was evaluated by determination of peroxide values and gas-chromatographic measurement of headspace hexanal. SFO stored in the presence of the oxygen-scavenging film was more stable than oil stored without the film, or than film stored with 0.02% BHT. The PFO film scavenges oxygen through energy-transfer sensitization of singlet oxygen. The film is doped with eosin and the naturally-occurring dye, curcumin, which absorb over a wide range of visible wavelengths. Curcumin transfers its absorbed energy to eosin, which sensitizes the production of singlet oxygen. The singlet oxygen is scavenged by PFO. The use of two dyes increases the efficiency of the sensitization process, reducing the illumination time and intensity required for effective oxygen scavenging.